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The ability to invade surrounding tissue and metastasise is a hallmark of cancer. The hallmarks of cancer were originally six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors and have since been increased to eight capabilities and two enabling capabilities. The idea was coined by Douglas Hanahan and Robert ...
TNM staging system. The TNM classification is an international system, proposed by the French surgeon Pierre Denoix of the Institut Gustave Roussy between 1943 and 1952, for classifying cancers according to their anatomical extension [1]. Several revisions have been published, the latest being the eighth edition in 2017.
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues ( American English) or tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues ( British English) are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. [1] [2] Because these tissues are all intimately connected through both the circulatory system and the immune system, a disease ...
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [2] [7] These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. [7] Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. [1]
Signs and Symptoms. Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
The following is a list of cancer types. Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells , with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [1]
Prognosis marker. Prognostic markers are biomarkers used to measure the progress of a disease in the patient sample. [1] Prognostic markers are useful to stratify the patients into groups, guiding towards precise medicine discovery. The widely used prognostic markers in cancers include stage, size, grade, node and metastasis.
Progression-free survival. Progression-free survival ( PFS) is "the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse". [1] In oncology, PFS usually refers to situations in which a tumor is present, as demonstrated by laboratory testing, radiologic testing ...