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The modern Hindi and Urdu standards are highly mutually intelligible in colloquial form, but use different scripts when written, and have lesser mutually intelligibility in literary forms. The history of Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu is closely linked, with the early translators of the Hindustani language simply producing the same ...
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cited as one of the causes of the weakening of the Mughal Empire prior to Nader Shah's invasion of India (1738 ...
Headquarters. H-8/4, Islamabad. Website. fbise .edu .pk. The Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education ( Urdu: وفاقی ہیئت برائے متوسط و ثانوی تعلیم ), commonly known as FBISE, is an autonomous board under the Ministry of Federal Education for examining the intermediate and secondary education in ...
Urdu. v. t. e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad ...
Avadhūta ( IAST avadhūta, written as अवधूत) is a Sanskrit term from the root 'to shake' (see V. S. Apte and Monier-Williams) that, among its many uses, in some Indian religions indicates a type of mystic or saint who is beyond egoic-consciousness, duality and common worldly concerns and acts without consideration for standard social ...
The caste system among South Asian Christians often reflects stratification by sect, location, and the caste of their predecessors. [1] There exists evidence to show that Christian individuals have mobility within their respective castes. [2] But, in some cases, social inertia caused by their old traditions and biases against other castes ...
Modern Standard Hindi, ( आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī) [14] commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language used as the official language of India alongside English. It is written in Devanagari script and is the lingua franca of North India.
During this time Hindustani was the language of both Hindus and Muslims. The non-communal nature of the language lasted until the British Raj in India, when in 1837 Hindustani in the Persian script (i.e. Urdu) replaced Persian as the official language and was made co-official along with English.