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  2. Clausius theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausius_theorem

    The Clausius theorem is a mathematical representation of the second law of thermodynamics.It was developed by Rudolf Clausius who intended to explain the relationship between the heat flow in a system and the entropy of the system and its surroundings.

  3. Sources of Sharia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_of_Sharia

    A copy of the Qur'an, one of the primary sources of Sharia. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.

  4. Brine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine

    Brine (or briny water) is water with a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride).In diverse contexts, brine may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature).

  5. Helmholtz free energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_free_energy

    The Helmholtz free energy is defined as [3], where . F is the Helmholtz free energy (sometimes also called A, particularly in the field of chemistry) (SI: joules, CGS: ergs),; U is the internal energy of the system (SI: joules, CGS: ergs),

  6. Service tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_tax

    Service tax was a tax levied by the Government of India on services provided or agreed to be provided excluding services covered under the negative list and considering the Place of Provision of Service Rules 2012 and collected as per Point of Taxation Rules 2011 from the person liable to pay service tax.

  7. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes.The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter.

  8. Teachta Dála - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachta_Dála

    A Teachta Dála ( / ˌ t j ɒ x t ə ˈ d ɔː l ə / TYOKH-tə DAW-lə, Irish: [ˌtʲaxt̪ˠə ˈd̪ˠaːlˠa] ⓘ; [1] plural Teachtaí Dála), abbreviated as TD (plural TDanna in Irish, [2] TDs in English), is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (the Irish Parliament).

  9. At sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_sign

    The at sign, @, is an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), [1] now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles.