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The median of a finite list of numbers is the "middle" number, when those numbers are listed in order from smallest to greatest. If the data set has an odd number of observations, the middle one is selected. For example, the following list of seven numbers, has the median of 6, which is the fourth value.
Median of medians. In computer science, the median of medians is an approximate median selection algorithm, frequently used to supply a good pivot for an exact selection algorithm, most commonly quickselect, that selects the k th smallest element of an initially unsorted array. Median of medians finds an approximate median in linear time.
Interquartile range. In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range ( IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. [1] The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H‑spread. It is defined as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data.
The lower quartile value is the median of the lower half of the data. The upper quartile value is the median of the upper half of the data. The values found by this method are also known as "Tukey's hinges"; see also midhinge. Method 3. Use the median to divide the ordered data set into two halves. The median becomes the second quartiles. If ...
Central tendency. In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution. [1] Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called averages. The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s.
Selection algorithm. In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the th smallest value in a collection of ordered values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the th order statistic. Selection includes as special cases the problems of finding the minimum, median, and maximum element in the collection.
Average. In ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data. The type of average taken as most typically representative of a list of numbers is the arithmetic mean – the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list. For example, the mean average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 ...
Five-number summary. The five-number summary is a set of descriptive statistics that provides information about a dataset. It consists of the five most important sample percentiles : In addition to the median of a single set of data there are two related statistics called the upper and lower quartiles. If data are placed in order, then the ...