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  2. Modeling and simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_and_simulation

    Modeling and simulation (M&S) is the use of models (e.g., physical, mathematical, behavioral, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process) as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for managerial or technical decision making. [1][2] In the computer application of modeling and simulation a computer is used to ...

  3. Computer simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulation

    Computer simulation is the running of a mathematical model on a computer, the model being designed to represent the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system. The reliability of some mathematical models can be determined by comparing their results to the real-world outcomes they aim to predict.

  4. Simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation

    Human-in-the-loop simulation of outer space Visualization of a direct numerical simulation model. Historically, simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but 20th-century studies of systems theory and cybernetics combined with spreading use of computers across all those fields have led to some unification and a more systematic view of the concept.

  5. Business simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_simulation

    Business simulation or corporate simulation is simulation used for business training, education or analysis. It can be scenario -based or numeric -based. Most business simulations are used for business acumen training and development. Learning objectives include: strategic thinking, decision making, problem solving, financial analysis, market ...

  6. Directorate General of Taxes (Indonesia) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directorate_General_of...

    Website. www.pajak.go.id. The Directorate General of Taxes (Indonesian: Direktorat Jenderal Pajak; also known as DJP) is an Indonesian government agency under Ministry of Finance which has the task of formulating and implementing taxation policies and technical standardization in the field of taxation.

  7. List of computer simulation software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer...

    Advanced Simulation Library - open-source hardware accelerated multiphysics simulation software. ASCEND - open-source equation-based modelling environment. Cantera - chemical kinetics package. Celestia - a 3D astronomy program. CP2K - Open-source ab-initio molecular dynamics program. DWSIM - an open-source CAPE-OPEN compliant chemical process ...

  8. List of countries by tax rates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_rates

    Map of the world showing national-level sales tax / VAT rates as of October 2019. Additional local taxes may apply. [citation needed]A comparison of tax rates by countries is difficult and somewhat subjective, as tax laws in most countries are extremely complex and the tax burden falls differently on different groups in each country and sub-national unit.

  9. Value-added tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax

    A value-added tax (VAT or goods and services tax (GST), general consumption tax (GCT)), is a consumption tax that is levied on the value added at each stage of a product's production and distribution. VAT is similar to, and is often compared with, a sales tax. VAT is an indirect tax because the consumer who ultimately bears the burden of the ...