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The two counters consist of an electron counter and a photon counter that are placed in opposite sides from the beam. Due to the minimal energy of the recoil electron, the electron detection essentially occurs at their scattering site. Thus the scattering volume must be situated within the electron counter. [2]
The counters are surrounded by lead or steel shielding, to eliminate background radiation and to reduce the incidence of cosmic rays. In addition, anticoincidence detectors are used; these record events outside the counter and any event recorded simultaneously both inside and outside the counter is regarded as an extraneous event and ignored.
A crucible and tongs, on a green mat. The ash content of a sample is a measure of the amount of inorganic noncombustible material it contains. The residues after a sample is completely burnt - in contrast to the ash remaining after incomplete combustion - typically consist of oxides of the inorganic elements present in the original sample.
Coincidence method. In particle physics, the coincidence method (or coincidence technique) is an experimental design through which particle detectors register two or more simultaneous measurements of a particular event through different interaction channels. Detection can be made by sensing the primary particle and/or through the detection of ...
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry and soil science, particularly in the analysis of minerals and the chemical makeup of soil. It consists of strongly heating ("igniting") a sample of the material at a specified temperature, allowing volatile substances to escape, until its mass ceases to change.
A complete Geiger counter, with the Geiger–Müller tube mounted in a cylindrical enclosure connected by a cable to the instrument. The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation. It is named after Hans Geiger, who invented the principle in 1908, [1 ...
Richard Joseph "Dick" Davisson (December 29, 1922 – June 15, 2004) was an American physicist . Davisson was the son of Clinton Davisson, a Nobel laureate, and his wife Charlotte. Davisson's maternal uncle, Sir Owen Richardson, was also a Nobel laureate. During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project as part of the Special Engineer ...
Air shower detected in a cloud chamber. Air showers are extensive cascades of subatomic particles and ionized nuclei, produced in the atmosphere when a primary cosmic ray enters the atmosphere. Particles of cosmic radiation can be protons, nuclei, electrons, photons, or (rarely) positrons. Upon entering the atmosphere, they interact with ...