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In the United States, government employees includes the U.S. federal civil service, employees of the state governments, and employees of local governments. [citation needed] Government employees are not necessarily the same as civil servants, as some jurisdictions specifically define which employees are civil servants; for example, it often ...
A civil service official, also known as a public servant or public employee, is a person employed in the public sector by a government department or agency for public sector undertakings. Civil servants work for central and state governments, and answer to the government, not a political party. [1][2]
In many states, public employee pension plans are known as Public Employee Retirement Systems (PERS). Pension benefits may or may not be changed after an employee is hired, depending on the state and plan, as well as hiring date, years of service, and grandfathering. Retirement age in the public sector is usually lower than in the private sector.
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government 's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 (5 U.S.C. § 2101). [1] U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil service ...
In the former Eastern Bloc countries, the public sector in 1989 accounted for between 70% and over 90% of total employment. [5] In China a full 78.3% of the urban labor force were employed in the public sector by 1978, the year the Chinese economic reform was launched, after which the rates dropped.
The Public Employees Federation (PEF) is an American union representing 50,000 [1] professional, scientific, and technical public employees in the state of New York.The union is one of the largest local white-collar unions in the United States and is New York's second-largest state-employee union. [3]
The National Association of Letter Carriers started in 1889 and grew quickly. It had 52 branches with 4,600 members in 1890, and 335 branches by 1892. It focused on forcing postmasters to honor federal law mandating an 8-hour day for federal employees. In 1893 it won a Supreme Court decision and $3.5 million in back overtime pay.
This list of largest pension funds in the United States involves two main groups: government pension funds for public employees and collectively bargained pension funds, jointly managed between employer and employee representatives after the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.