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Charles Edward Spearman, FRS [1] [3] (10 September 1863 – 17 September 1945) was an English psychologist known for work in statistics, as a pioneer of factor analysis, and for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. He also did seminal work on models for human intelligence, including his theory that disparate cognitive test scores reflect a ...
v. t. e. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. [1] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences.
Spearman's two-factor theory proposes that intelligence has two components: general intelligence ("g") and specific ability ("s"). [7] To explain the differences in performance on different tasks, Spearman hypothesized that the "s" component was specific to a certain aspect of intelligence. [2] Regarding g, Spearman saw individuals as having ...
t. e. Psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India. [1] Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854 in Leipzig, Germany when Gustav Fechner created the first ...
Individual psychology ( German: Individualpsychologie) is a psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler. [1] [2] The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly between 1912 and 1914. The papers cover the whole range of human psychology in a ...
National Institute of Mental Health. Nancy Bayley (28 September 1899 – 25 November 1994) was an American psychologist best known for her work on the Berkeley Growth Study and the subsequent Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Originally interested in teaching, she eventually gained interest in psychology, for which she went on to obtain her ...
Ellen Jane Langer ( / ˈlæŋər /; born March 25, 1947) is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University; in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard. [1] [2] Langer studies the illusion of control, decision-making, aging, and mindfulness theory. [3] [2] Her most influential work is ...
Clark Leonard Hull (May 24, 1884 – May 10, 1952) was an American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. Hull is known for his debates with Edward C. Tolman. He is also known for his work in drive theory . Hull spent the mature part of his career at Yale University, where he was recruited by ...