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Modeling and simulation ( M&S) is the use of models (e.g., physical, mathematical, behavioral, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process) as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for managerial or technical decision making. [1] [2]
Simulated annealing ( SA) is a probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function. Specifically, it is a metaheuristic to approximate global optimization in a large search space for an optimization problem. For large numbers of local optima, SA can find the global optima. [1]
Large eddy simulation ( LES) is a mathematical model for turbulence used in computational fluid dynamics. It was initially proposed in 1963 by Joseph Smagorinsky to simulate atmospheric air currents, [1] and first explored by Deardorff (1970). [2] LES is currently applied in a wide variety of engineering applications, including combustion, [3 ...
v. t. e. A simulation is an imitative representation of a process or system that could exist in the real world. [1] [2] [3] In this broad sense, simulation can often be used interchangeably with model. [2] Sometimes a clear distinction between the two terms is made, in which simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key ...
Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system. The reliability of some mathematical models can be determined by comparing their results to the real-world outcomes they aim to predict.
Verification and validation of computer simulation models. Verification and validation of computer simulation models is conducted during the development of a simulation model with the ultimate goal of producing an accurate and credible model. [1] [2] "Simulation models are increasingly being used to solve problems and to aid in decision-making.
QM/MM. The hybrid QM/MM ( quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics) approach is a molecular simulation method that combines the strengths of ab initio QM calculations (accuracy) and MM (speed) approaches, thus allowing for the study of chemical processes in solution and in proteins. The QM/MM approach was introduced in the 1976 paper of Warshel ...
In computer network research, network simulation is a technique whereby a software program replicates the behavior of a real network. This is achieved by calculating the interactions between the different network entities such as routers, switches, nodes, access points, links, etc. [1] Most simulators use discrete event simulation in which the ...