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Adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate ( APP ), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose.
Adenosine 5′- (γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom; this anion is hydrolyzed at a dramatically slower rate than ATP itself and functions as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent processes.
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of ...
All of the ATPases share a common basic structure. Each rotary ATPase is composed of two major components: F 0 /A 0 /V 0 and F 1 /A 1 /V 1. They are connected by 1-3 stalks to maintain stability, control rotation, and prevent them from rotating in the other direction. One stalk is utilized to transmit torque. [13]
Phosphorylation. Serine in an amino acid chain, before and after phosphorylation. In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. [1] This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. [2] Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes.
Mitochondrion. Two mitochondria from mammalian lung tissue displaying their matrix and membranes as shown by electron microscopy. A mitochondrion ( / ˌmaɪtəˈkɒndriən /; [1] pl.: mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
When ATP is used, it becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and since muscles store little ATP, they must continuously replace the discharged ADP with ATP. Muscle tissue also contains a stored supply of a fast-acting recharge chemical, creatine phosphate , which when necessary can assist with the rapid regeneration of ADP into ATP.
Anatomical terms of microanatomy. [ edit on Wikidata] A myofibril (also known as a muscle fibril or sarcostyle) [1] is a basic rod-like organelle of a muscle cell. [2] Skeletal muscles are composed of long, tubular cells known as muscle fibers, and these cells contain many chains of myofibrils. [3] Each myofibril has a diameter of 1–2 ...