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The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS ), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of May 2023, 168 countries and the European Union are parties. The convention resulted from the third ...
UNCLOS, also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans; it establishes guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. To date, 168 countries and the European Union have joined the Convention.
Where maritime security regimes can differ from other maritime regimes, is that they are created to enable effective policing beyond the jurisdictional constraints of the territorial sea, which ranges from 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) to 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the high-water mark of a coastal state (see UNCLOS).
Territorial sea. Indonesia's maritime territory and exclusive economic zone. Territorial sea is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. [6] The territorial sea is sovereign territory, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are ...
UNCLOS defines the international seabed area—the part under ISA jurisdiction—as "the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction" UNCLOS outlines the areas of national jurisdiction as a "12 nautical-mile territorial sea; an exclusive economic zone of up to 200 nautical miles and a continental ...
Freedom of navigation. Freedom of navigation ( FON) is a principle of law of the sea that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law. [1] In the realm of international law, it has been defined as “freedom of movement for vessels ...
The United States has signed, but not yet ratified the UNCLOS. The status of certain portions of the Arctic sea region is in dispute for various reasons. Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the United States all regard parts of the Arctic seas as national waters (territorial waters out to 12 nautical miles (22 km)) or internal waters. There ...
The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines (Philippine EEZ) mandated by UNCLOS consists of four subzones. [1] It covers 2,263,816 square kilometers (874,064 sq mi) of sea. The Philippines has 7,641 islands comprising the Philippine archipelago. [2] The coordinates are between 116° 40', and 126° 34' E longitude and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N ...