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Cancer is caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4]
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [2] [7] These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. [7] Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. [1]
Infection, cancer and mortality in the developed world. Importance of infectious causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Genome instability due to oncogenic infections. Viruses. Common oncogenic viruses. Human papillomavirus. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Bacteria. H. pylori, a common oncogenic bacterium.
In general, known genetic risk factors of the disease include a family history of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, while modifiable risk factors include obesity, tobacco use ...
Lung cancer. Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor.
Overall, leukemia is the eleventh most common cancer in the UK (around 8,600 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the ninth most common cause of cancer death (around 4,800 people died in 2012). History Rudolf Virchow. Leukemia was first described by anatomist and surgeon Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau in 1827.
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a ...
Glioblastoma. Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. [6] [7] [8] Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nonspecific. [1] They may include headaches, personality changes, nausea, and ...
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