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A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations ( computation ). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system may refer to a nominally ...
Computer science. Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [1] [2] [3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software ).
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system intended for applications with fixed deadlines ( real-time computing ). Such applications include some small embedded systems, automobile engine controllers, industrial robots, spacecraft, industrial control, and some large-scale computing systems.
Information science. Information technology ( IT) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages and data and information processing and storage. [1] IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). [2] An information technology system ( IT system) is generally an information system ...
The application software layer interfaces with the operating system, which in turn communicates with the hardware. The arrows indicate information flow. Software is a collection of programs and data that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. Software often includes associated software documentation. [1]
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers. [1] [2]
Use. Computer networks extend interpersonal communications by electronic means with various technologies, such as email, instant messaging, online chat, voice and video telephone calls, and video conferencing. A network allows sharing of network and computing resources.
Cloud computing [1] is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage ( cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user. [2] Large clouds often have functions distributed over multiple locations, each of which is a data center.