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  2. Standard error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_error

    For correlated random variables the sample variance needs to be computed according to the Markov chain central limit theorem.. Independent and identically distributed random variables with random sample size

  3. Student's t-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-test

    The difference between the two sample means, each denoted by X i, which appears in the numerator for all the two-sample testing approaches discussed above, is ¯ ¯ = The sample standard deviations for the two samples are approximately 0.05 and 0.11, respectively. For such small samples, a test of equality between the two population variances ...

  4. Welch's t-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welch's_t-test

    t. -test. In statistics, Welch's t-test, or unequal variances t-test, is a two-sample location test which is used to test the (null) hypothesis that two populations have equal means. It is named for its creator, Bernard Lewis Welch, is an adaptation of Student's t -test, [1] and is more reliable when the two samples have unequal variances and ...

  5. Z-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-test

    The term " Z -test" is often used to refer specifically to the one-sample location test comparing the mean of a set of measurements to a given constant when the sample variance is known. For example, if the observed data X1, ..., Xn are (i) independent, (ii) have a common mean μ, and (iii) have a common variance σ 2, then the sample average X ...

  6. Mean squared error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_squared_error

    Definition and basic properties. The MSE either assesses the quality of a predictor (i.e., a function mapping arbitrary inputs to a sample of values of some random variable), or of an estimator (i.e., a mathematical function mapping a sample of data to an estimate of a parameter of the population from which the data is sampled).

  7. Tukey's range test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukey's_range_test

    Tukey's range test, also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method, Tukey's honest significance test, or Tukey's HSD ( honestly significant difference) test, [1] is a single-step multiple comparison procedure and statistical test. It can be used to correctly interpret the statistical significance of the difference between means that have been ...

  8. Sampling error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_error

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  9. Errors and residuals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals

    The difference between the height of each man in the sample and the observable sample mean is a residual. Note that, because of the definition of the sample mean, the sum of the residuals within a random sample is necessarily zero, and thus the residuals are necessarily not independent.