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Terraforming. An artist's conception shows a terraformed Mars in four stages of development. Terraforming or terraformation ("Earth-shaping") is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology of a planet, moon, or other body to be similar to the environment of Earth to make it ...
The classical elements typically refer to earth, water, air, fire, and (later) aether which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances. [1] [2] Ancient cultures in Greece, Angola, Tibet, India, and Mali had similar lists which sometimes referred, in local languages, to "air" as "wind" and the ...
The Anthropocene ( / ˈænθrəpəˌsiːn, ænˈθrɒpə -/ [1] [2] [3]) is the common name for a proposed geological epoch, dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth up to the present day. It affects Earth's geology, landscape, limnology, ecosystems and climate. [4] [5] The effects of human activities on Earth can be ...
Overexploitation. Atlantic cod stocks were severely overexploited in the 1970s and 1980s, leading to their abrupt collapse in 1992. [1] Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. [2] Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it ...
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust.
The Encyclopedia of Earth (abbreviated EoE) is an electronic reference about the Earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society.The Encyclopedia is described as a free, fully searchable collection of articles written by scholars, professionals, educators, and other approved [who?] experts, who collaborate and review each other's work.
Earth's history with time-spans of the eons to scale. The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.
Earth science. Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. [1] This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere / cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or ...