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Schnorr signature. In cryptography, a Schnorr signature is a digital signature produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm that was described by Claus Schnorr. It is a digital signature scheme known for its simplicity, among the first whose security is based on the intractability of certain discrete logarithm problems.
Selection of different dog breeds. This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types.A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal and purity of lineage".
L (complexity) In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of writable memory space. [1] [2] Formally, the Turing machine has two tapes, one of which encodes the input and can only be ...
Discrete logarithm. In mathematics, for given real numbers a and b, the logarithm log b a is a number x such that bx = a. Analogously, in any group G, powers bk can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that bk = a. In number theory, the more commonly used term is index: we can write x = ind r a ...
The computational Diffie–Hellman (CDH) assumption is a computational hardness assumption about the Diffie–Hellman problem. [1] The CDH assumption involves the problem of computing the discrete logarithm in cyclic groups. The CDH problem illustrates the attack of an eavesdropper in the Diffie–Hellman key exchange [2] protocol to obtain the ...
In group theory, the Pohlig–Hellman algorithm, sometimes credited as the Silver–Pohlig–Hellman algorithm, [1] is a special-purpose algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in a finite abelian group whose order is a smooth integer . The algorithm was introduced by Roland Silver, but first published by Stephen Pohlig and Martin Hellman ...
Decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption. The decisional Diffie–Hellman (DDH) assumption is a computational hardness assumption about a certain problem involving discrete logarithms in cyclic groups. It is used as the basis to prove the security of many cryptographic protocols, most notably the ElGamal and Cramer–Shoup cryptosystems .
NP-intermediate. In computational complexity, problems that are in the complexity class NP but are neither in the class P nor NP-complete are called NP-intermediate, and the class of such problems is called NPI. Ladner's theorem, shown in 1975 by Richard E. Ladner, [1] is a result asserting that, if P ≠ NP, then NPI is not empty; that is, NP ...