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t. e. The National Principles (Malay: Rukun Negara; Jawi: روکون نݢارا ) is the Malaysian declaration of national philosophy instituted by royal proclamation on Merdeka Day, 1970, in reaction to the 13 May race riots, which occurred in 1969. [1] The riots proved at that time that Malaysian racial balance and stability was fragile.
Pancasila. (politics) A depiction of the Garuda Pancasila on a poster; each tenet of the Pancasila is written beside its symbol. Pancasila (Indonesian: [pantʃaˈsila] ⓘ) is the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia. The name is made from two words originally derived from Sanskrit: " pañca " ("five") and " śīla ...
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia. It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda 's claws. The phrase comes from Old Javanese, meaning " Unity in Diversity," and is enshrined in article 36A of the Constitution of Indonesia.
The Pancasila Youth (Indonesian: Pemuda Pancasila, PP) is an Indonesian far-right paramilitary organization established in 1959. The organisation's name refers to Pancasila, the official "five principles" of the Indonesian state. Pemuda Pancasila was involved in the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, and supported the New Order regime of ...
Notonagoro was born Sukamto in Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia on 10 December 1905.After marrying Gusti Raden Ayu Koostimah, daughter of Pakubuwono X, Susuhunan of Surakarta, as civil servant ('"abdi dalem"') of the '"Kasunanan"' kingdom, he was promoted to the rank of '"Bupati Anom"', given the royal title '"Raden Mas Tumenggung"' and given an 'adult' name of '"Notonagoro"'.
The Petition of Fifty (Indonesian: Petisi 50) was a document protesting then President Suharto's use of state philosophy Pancasila against political opponents. Issued on 5 May 1980 as an "Expression of Concern", it was signed by fifty prominent Indonesians including former Army Chief of Staff Nasution, former Jakarta governor Ali Sadikin and former prime ministers Burhanuddin Harahap and ...
Telecommunications Act 1950 [Act 20] Broadcasting Act 1988 [Act 338] Status: In force. The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Malay: Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998) is an Act of the Parliament of Malaysia. It was enacted to provide for and to regulate the converging communications and multimedia industries, and for incidental matters.
Community media are any form of media that function in service of or by a community. It is the rise of all kinds of alternative, oppositional, participatory and collaborative media practices that have developed in the journalistic context of ‘community media,’ ‘we media,’ ‘citizens media,’ ‘grassroot journalism’ or any radical alternative to on and offline mainstream ...