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Mindfulness. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an eight-week, evidence-based program designed to provide secular, intensive mindfulness training to help individuals manage stress, anxiety, depression, and pain. MBSR was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center.
Background. The integrated stress response can be triggered within a cell due to either extrinsic or intrinsic conditions. Extrinsic factors include hypoxia, amino acid deprivation, glucose deprivation, viral infection and presence of oxidants. The main intrinsic factor is endoplasmic reticulum stress due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins.
Relaxation (psychology) Mental state in terms of challenge level and skill level, according to Csikszentmihalyi 's flow model. [1] (. Click on a fragment of the image to go to the appropriate article) In psychology, relaxation is the emotional state of low tension, in which there is an absence of arousal, particularly from negative sources such ...
Stress produces numerous physical and mental symptoms which vary according to each individual's situational factors. These can include a decline in physical health, such as headaches, chest pain, fatigue, and sleep problems, [1] as well as depression. The process of stress management is named as one of the keys to a happy and successful life in ...
Allostatic load is "the wear and tear on the body" which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress. The term was coined by Bruce McEwen and Eliot Stellar in 1993. It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response which results from repeated ...
The fight-or-flight or the fight-flight-freeze-or-fawn[1] (also called hyperarousal or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. [2] It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1915. [a][3] His theory states that animals react to threats ...
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a method of deep muscle relaxation that does not involve any medications, meaning it is a non-pharmacological intervention. [1] The idea behind progressive muscle relaxation is that there is a relationship between a person's mind and body. [2][3] The body responds to its environment by creating certain ...
Prior to the development of DRT, existing theories of PTSD fell into two camps: social-cognitive theories and information-processing theories. [1] Social-cognitive theories (e.g. Horowitz's stress-response theory, [4] Janoff-Bulman's shattered assumptions theory) focused on the affected individual's assumptions about the world and the emotional and cognitive impact of the trauma on these ...