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  2. Critical consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_consciousness

    Critical consciousness, conscientization, or conscientização in Portuguese ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kõsjẽtʃizaˈsɐ̃w] ), is a popular education and social concept developed by Brazilian pedagogue and educational theorist Paulo Freire, grounded in neo-Marxist critical theory. Critical consciousness focuses on achieving an in-depth ...

  3. Critical pedagogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_pedagogy

    Critical Pedagogy is believed to have its roots in the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, which was established in 1923. As an outgrowth of critical theory, critical pedagogy is intended to educate and work towards a realization of the emancipatory goals of critical pedagogy. The theory is influenced by Karl Marx who believed that ...

  4. Pedagogy of the Oppressed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed

    t. e. Paulo Freire, the author of Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Pedagogy of the Oppressed ( Portuguese: Pedagogia do Oprimido) is a book by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, written in Portuguese between 1967 and 1968, but published first in Spanish in 1968. An English translation was published in 1970, with the Portuguese original being published ...

  5. Mutual aid (organization theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization...

    Mutual aid is an organizational model where voluntary, collaborative exchanges of resources and services for common benefit take place amongst community members to overcome social, economic, and political barriers to meeting common needs. This can include resources like food, clothing, to medicine and services like breakfast programs to ...

  6. Problem-posing education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem-posing_education

    Problem-posing education. Problem-posing education, coined by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in his 1970 book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, is a method of teaching that emphasizes critical thinking for the purpose of liberation. Freire used problem posing as an alternative to the banking model of education .

  7. How 'Women's Empowerment' Lost Its Meaning - AOL

    www.aol.com/womens-empowerment-lost-meaning...

    Today the phrase “women’s empowerment” has eclipsed “community empowerment” and “employee empowerment.” It, too, came to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. It, too, came to ...

  8. Consumer-driven healthcare - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer-driven_healthcare

    In 2010, 13% of consumers in employee-sponsored health insurance programs had consumer-driven health plans. In 2016, 29% of employee were covered by a CDHP. According to economist John C. Goodman, "In the consumer-driven model, consumers occupy the primary decision-making role regarding the healthcare they receive." Goodman points to a McKinsey ...

  9. Participatory action research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_action_research

    Participatory action research ( PAR) is an approach to action research emphasizing participation and action by members of communities affected by that research. It seeks to understand the world by trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection. PAR emphasizes collective inquiry and experimentation grounded in experience and ...