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Standard High German ( SHG ), [3] less precisely Standard German or High German [a] ( German: Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland, Schriftdeutsch ), is the umbrella term for the standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas.
The basis of Standard German developed with the Luther Bible and the chancery language spoken by the Saxon court, part of the regional High German group. However, there are places where the traditional regional dialects have been replaced by new vernaculars based on Standard German; that is the case in large stretches of Northern Germany but ...
German language in the United States. Obviously, German (High and Low German) is broader than High German. Thus, this "German" must be Standard High German. Plautdietsch is not High German. Over 50 million Americans claim German ancestry, which makes them the largest single claimed ancestry group in the United States.
A German Standard German speaker, recorded in South Africa. German Standard German, [1] [2] Standard German of Germany, [3] [4] or High German of Germany [5] is the variety of Standard German that is written and spoken in Germany. [1] [2] [6] It is the variety of German most commonly taught to foreigners. It is not uniform, which means it has ...
A Swiss German speaker. Swiss German ( Standard German: Schweizerdeutsch, Alemannic German: Schwiizerdütsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart, [note 1] and others) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland ...
The West Germanic group is the larger by far, further subdivided into Anglo-Frisian on one hand and Continental West Germanic on the other. Anglo-Frisian notably includes English and all its variants, while Continental West Germanic includes German (standard register and dialects), as well as Dutch (standard register and dialects). East ...
The High German consonant shift is a good example of a chain shift, as was its predecessor, the first Germanic consonant shift. For example, phases 1 and 2 left the language without a /t/ phoneme, as this had shifted to /s/ or / t͡s /. Phase 3 filled this gap ( /d/ > /t/ ), but left a new gap at /d/, which phase 4 then filled ( /θ/ > /d/ ).
English is by far the most-spoken West Germanic language, with more than 1 billion speakers worldwide. Within Europe, the three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. Frisian, spoken by about 450,000 people, constitutes a fourth distinct variety of West Germanic. The language family also includes Afrikaans ...