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Nadan (subcaste) Nadans (also referred as Nelamaikkarar) are a small endogamous group of aristocratic Nadars from the regions south of the Thamirabarani River in the present-day state of Tamil Nadu, India. They were hereditary tax collectors during the Nayak and Pandyan rule and also served as petty lords under the poligars.
History of PDF. The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS/2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it has been under the control of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committee of ...
Roshni Nadar. Roshni Nadar Malhotra (born 1982) is an Indian billionaire businesswoman and philanthropist and the chairperson of HCL Technologies. She is the first woman to lead a listed IT company in India. [2] [3] She is the only child of HCL Group founder and billionaire businessman Shiv Nadar. [4] In 2019, she is ranked 54th on the Forbes ...
e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles ...
Shiv Nadar (born 14 July 1945) is an Indian billionaire businessman and philanthropist. [2] He was the founder and chairman of HCL Technologies, and is chairman of the Shiv Nadar Foundation. Nadar founded HCL in the mid-1970s and transformed the IT hardware company into an IT enterprise over the next three decades. [3]
History Aarti prayers in Hazur Sahib Nanded. Hazur Sahib marks the site where Guru Gobind Singh ji had his camp in 1708. The Guru held his court and congregation here and was convalescing after being attacked by two would-be assassins. One of the attackers stabbed the Guru, and was killed by him with a single stroke of his talwar (curved sword ...
Head tax. The "breast tax" ( mulakkaram or mula-karam in Malayalam) was a head tax imposed on the Nadars, Ezhavars and lower caste communities by the Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India ). [2] [web 1] [web 2] [note 1] In 19th century Kingdom of Travancore, all persons from lower castes were expected to pay poll tax when ...
Nadar. / 48.860; 2.396. Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910 [1] ), known by the pseudonym Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. [2]