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The United Kingdom national debt is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of the United Kingdom at any time through the issue of securities by the British Treasury and other government agencies. At the end of March 2023, UK General government gross debt was £2,537.0 billion, or 100.5% gross domestic product.
The history of the British national debt can be traced back to the reign of William III, who engaged a syndicate of City traders and merchants to offer for sale an issue of government debt, which evolved into the Bank of England. In 1815, at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, British government debt reached a peak of £1 billion (that was more ...
For the financial year 2023-24, total government spending is expected to be £1,189 billion. [2] The UK government has spent more than it has raised in taxation since financial year 2001-02, [3] creating a budget deficit and leading to growing debt interest payments. Average government spending per person is higher in Scotland, Wales and ...
The OBR says its base scenario is a national debt of 274% of GDP in 2071, with risks from war, disease, cyber-conflict and trade tensions pushing that even higher. Over the next 50 years, the ...
Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments. [1]: 208, s7.243 Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional ...
Budget process. The UK fiscal year ends on 5 April each year. The financial year ends on 31 March of each year. Thus, the UK budget for financial year 2021 runs from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022 and is often referred to as 2021–22. Historically, the budget was usually released in March, less than one month before the beginning of the new ...
Government debt is typically measured as the gross debt of the general government sector that is in the form of liabilities that are debt instruments. [2]: 207 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and ...
Public Sector Net Cash Requirement. The Public Sector Net Cash Requirement (PSNCR), formerly known as the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR), is the official term for the Government budget deficit in the United Kingdom, that is to say the rate at which the British Government must borrow money in order to maintain its financial commitments.