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2. Total dissolved solids - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_dissolved_solids

   Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. TDS are often measured in parts per million (ppm). TDS in water can be measured using a digital meter.

3. Total suspended solids - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_suspended_solids

   Total suspended solids. Total suspended solids (TSS) is the dry-weight of suspended particles, that are not dissolved, in a sample of water that can be trapped by a filter that is analyzed using a filtration apparatus known as sintered glass crucible. TSS is a water quality parameter used to assess the quality of a specimen of any type of water ...

4. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

   Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally bacteria), and is used in ...

5. Wastewater quality indicators - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_quality_indicators

   Wastewater quality indicators are laboratory test methodologies to assess suitability of wastewater for disposal, treatment or reuse. The main parameters in sewage that are measured to assess the sewage strength or quality as well as treatment options include: solids, indicators of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, indicators of fecal ...

6. Water quality - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality

   Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. [1][2] It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed.

7. Capacitive deionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_deionization

   This project enables the reduction of total dissolved solids from 1,000 mg/L to 250 mg/L and turbidity from 10 NTU to 1 NTU, a unit indicating the cloudiness of a fluid. The water recovery can reach 75%. Electrical energy consumption level is 1 kWh/m 3, and the cost for water treatment is 0.22 US dollars/m 3. Some other large-scale projects can ...

8. Secondary treatment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_treatment

   Secondary treatment. This small secondary clarifier at a rural sewage treatment plant is a typical phase separation mechanism to remove biological solids formed in a suspended growth or fixed-film bioreactor. Secondary treatment (mostly biological wastewater treatment) is the removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension ...

9. Electrodialysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodialysis

   In normal potable water production without the requirement of high recoveries, reverse osmosis is generally believed to be more cost-effective when total dissolved solids (TDS) are 3,000 parts per million (ppm) or greater, while electrodialysis is more cost-effective for TDS feed concentrations less than 3,000 ppm or when high recoveries of the ...