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Background. The integrated stress response can be triggered within a cell due to either extrinsic or intrinsic conditions. Extrinsic factors include hypoxia, amino acid deprivation, glucose deprivation, viral infection and presence of oxidants. The main intrinsic factor is endoplasmic reticulum stress due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins.
The fight or flight response provided them with the mechanisms to rapidly respond to threats against survival. Examples. A typical example of the stress response is a grazing zebra. If the zebra sees a lion closing in for the kill, the stress response is activated as a means to escape its predator. The escape requires intense muscular effort ...
Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. [1] Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. There are two hormones that an individual produces during a stressful situation ...
Chronic stress is the physiological or psychological response induced by a long-term internal or external stressor. [1] The stressor, either physically present or recollected, will produce the same effect and trigger a chronic stress response. [1] There is a wide range of chronic stressors, but most entail relatively prolonged problems ...
Allostatic load. Allostatic load is "the wear and tear on the body" which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress. The term was coined by Bruce McEwen and Eliot Stellar in 1993. It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response which ...
In psychology, stress is a feeling of emotional strain and pressure. [1] Stress is a type of psychological pain. Small amounts of stress may be beneficial, as it can improve athletic performance, motivation and reaction to the environment. Excessive amounts of stress, however, can increase the risk of strokes, heart attacks, ulcers, and mental ...
Therefore, stress hormones have a dual role in fighting diseases and infections, depending on the type, duration, and intensity of stress, as well as the nature of the pathogen. A moderate and short-term stress response can benefit the immune system, while a severe and long-term stress response can be detrimental to the immune system.
Eustress is the positive cognitive response to stress that is healthy, or gives one a feeling of fulfilment or other positive feelings. Hans Selye created the term as a subgroup of stress [3] to differentiate the wide variety of stressors and manifestations of stress. Eustress is not defined by the stress or type, but rather how one perceives ...