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A configuration graph is a directed labeled graph where the label of the vertices are the possible configurations of the models and where there is an edge from one configuration to another if it correspond to a computational step of the model. [citation needed] The initial and accepting configuration (s) of the machine are special vertices of ...
Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that when perceiving a stimulus, features are "registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately" and at a later stage in processing. The theory has been one of the most influential ...
In Gestalt theory, information is perceived as wholes rather than disparate parts which are then processed summatively. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word Gestalt ( / ɡəˈʃtælt, - ˈʃtɑːlt / gə-SHTA (H)LT, [4] [5] German: [ɡəˈʃtalt] ⓘ; meaning "form" [6]) is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration". [7]
Learning theory (education) A classroom in Norway. Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. [1] [2]
Hyperparameter optimization. In machine learning, hyperparameter optimization [1] or tuning is the problem of choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. A hyperparameter is a parameter whose value is used to control the learning process. Hyperparameter optimization finds a tuple of hyperparameters that yields an optimal ...
Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension. In Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory, the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension is a measure of the size (capacity, complexity, expressive power, richness, or flexibility) of a class of sets. The notion can be extended to classes of binary functions. It is defined as the cardinality of the largest set of points that ...
Online machine learning, from the work of Nick Littlestone [citation needed]. While its primary goal is to understand learning abstractly, computational learning theory has led to the development of practical algorithms. For example, PAC theory inspired boosting, VC theory led to support vector machines, and Bayesian inference led to belief ...
Balance theory. In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. [1] It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance. The consistency motive is the urge to maintain one's values and beliefs over time. Heider proposed that "sentiment" or liking ...