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  2. Self-ionization of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-ionization_of_water

    e. The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.

  3. Law of definite proportions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportions

    In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of constant composition, states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation. For example, oxygen makes up about 8 / 9 of the mass of any sample of ...

  4. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    Relative change. In any quantitative science, the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value. [1] The comparison is expressed as a ratio and is a unitless number.

  5. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is: Because the individual masses of the ingredients of a mixture sum to , their mass fractions sum to unity:

  6. Conversion (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_(chemistry)

    Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...

  7. Mole fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_fraction

    mole fraction. In chemistry, the mole fraction or molar fraction, also called mole proportion or molar proportion, is a quantity defined as the ratio between the amount of a constituent substance, ni (expressed in unit of moles, symbol mol), and the total amount of all constituents in a mixture, ntot (also expressed in moles): [1] It is denoted ...

  8. Equivalent weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_weight

    The equivalent weight of an element is the mass of a mole of the element divided by the element's usual valence. That is, in grams, the atomic weight of the element divided by the usual valence. [2]. For example, the equivalent weight of oxygen is 16.0/2 = 8.0 grams. For acid–base reactions, the equivalent weight of an acid or base is the ...

  9. Standard addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_addition

    The Standard addition method, often used in analytical chemistry, quantifies the analyte present in an unknown. This method is useful for analyzing complex samples where a matrix effect interferes with the analyte signal. In comparison to the calibration curve method, the standard addition method has the advantage of the matrices of the unknown ...

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