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  2. Password strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

    Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to guess it correctly. The strength of a password is a function of length, complexity, and unpredictability ...

  3. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...

  4. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

    When password-guessing, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as the dictionary attack are used because a brute-force search takes too long. Longer passwords, passphrases and keys have more possible values, making them exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones ...

  5. Data Encryption Standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard

    As of 2008, the best analytical attack is linear cryptanalysis, which requires 2 43 known plaintexts and has a time complexity of 2 39–43 (Junod, 2001). The Data Encryption Standard (DES / ˌdiːˌiːˈɛs, dɛz /) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Although its short key length of 56 bits makes it too insecure ...

  6. Key stretching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

    Key stretching. In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough ...

  7. Key size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_size

    Key size. In cryptography, key size or key length refers to the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher). Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure of the fastest known attack against an algorithm), because the security of all algorithms can be violated by brute ...

  8. Tips to create a strong password - AOL Help

    help.aol.com/.../tips-to-create-a-strong-password

    Create a strong password. • Use unique words - Don't use obvious words like "password". • Have 12 or more characters - Longer passwords are more secure. • Don't be obvious - Don't use personal information like your name, AOL ID, birthday, etc. • Avoid sequences or repeated characters - Don't use adjacent characters on your keyboard ...

  9. Microsoft Office password protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password...

    With the help of the SHA-1 hash function, the password is stretched into a 128-bit key 50,000 times before opening the document; as a result, the time required to crack it is vastly increased, similar to PBKDF2, scrypt or other KDFs. [citation needed] Office 2010 employed AES and a 128-bit key, but the number of SHA-1 conversions doubled to ...

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