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  2. Channar revolt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channar_revolt

    Reformation in Kerala. The Channar Lahala or Channar revolt, also called Maru Marakkal Samaram, [1] refers to the fight from 1813 to 1859 of Nadar climber women in Travancore kingdom of India for the right to wear upper-body clothes covering their breasts.

  3. Nadar (caste) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_(caste)

    Nadar (caste) Nadar (also referred to as Nadan, Shanar and Shanan) is a Tamil caste of India. Nadars are predominant in the districts of Kanyakumari, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar. The Nadar community was not a single caste, but developed from an assortment of related subcastes, which in course of time came under the single banner ...

  4. Nadar climber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_climber

    Nadar climber in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. To the south of the Tambraparni, the Nadar climbers constituted the vast majority of the population in the palmyra forests of the Tiruchendur teris, during the 19th century. Majority of the Nadars today come from the south of Thamiraparani river. The Nadar climbers here secured a meager ...

  5. Breast tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_tax

    Mulakkaram, literally translated as breast tax, was a poll tax imposed on women belonging to Nadar, Ezhava and other lower caste communities by the erstwhile Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India), and was not applicable to upper caste women of Travancore. [1][2][web 1][web 2][note 1] The term "breast tax" was used to ...

  6. Nangeli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangeli

    The fictional story of Nangeli depicts an Ezhava woman to have lived in the early 19th century in Cherthala in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore in India, and supposedly cut off her breasts in an effort to protest against a tax on breast. [1][2][3] Viewed as a village tale, it is not mentioned in any of the historical records. [4]

  7. Christianity in Kanyakumari district - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in...

    When many more Nadar women turned to Christianity, many Hindu Nadar women adopted the Nair breast cloth. [11] [12] [15] [18] From 1813 to 1859 laws were enacted and repealed by the Kingdom regarding the upper cloth issue. [19] [20] During this period waves of violence and agitation continued between the higher and lower castes.

  8. Ezhava - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhava

    Arjuna Nrtam (Mayilpeeli Thookkam) Arjuna Nrtam ("the dance of Arjuna ") is a ritual art performed by Ezhava men and is prevalent in the Bhagavathy temples of south Kerala, mainly in Kollam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts. The ritual is also called "Mayilpeeli Thookkam" because the costume includes a characteristic garment made of mayilppeeli ...

  9. Caste system in Kerala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_Kerala

    The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. While the Indian caste system generally divided the four-fold Varna division of the society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, in Kerala, there existed only two varnas: Brahmins and Shudras, out of these four, while others were classified as Avarna.

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