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By 1967, only 25 nations still used the old three nautical mile limit, while 66 nations had set a 12-nautical-mile (22 km) territorial limit and eight had set a 200-nautical-mile (370 km) limit. As of 15 July 2011, only Jordan still uses the 3-mile (4.8 km) limit.
Territorial sea. Indonesia's maritime territory and exclusive economic zone. Territorial sea is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. [6] The territorial sea is sovereign territory, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are ...
List of regimes. SUA – Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988) UNCLOS – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1988/92) PSI – Proliferation Security Initiative – not so much a regime as a set of principles. ISPS Code – International Ship and Port Facility Security Code.
UNCLOS, also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans; it establishes guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. To date, 168 countries and the European Union have joined the Convention.
The United Nations Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty or BBNJ Treaty, also referred to by some stakeholders as the High Seas Treaty, is a legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. [2] There is some controversy over the ...
Law of the sea. Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo Grotius is one of the earliest works on law of the sea. Law of the sea is a body of international law governing the rights and duties of states in maritime environments. [1] It concerns matters such as navigational rights, sea mineral claims, and coastal waters jurisdiction.
The world's exclusive economic zones by boundary types and EEZ types. An exclusive economic zone ( EEZ ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water ...
The Convention on the High Seas was used as a foundation for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), signed in 1982, which recognized exclusive economic zones extending 200 nautical miles (230 mi; 370 km) from the baseline, where coastal states have sovereign rights to the water column and sea floor as well as the natural ...