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Zero-sum game. Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two sides, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [1] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net improvement in benefit ...
Net benefit is a weighted combination of true and false positives, where the weight is derived from the threshold probability. The predictor could be a binary classifier, or a percentage risk from a prediction model, in which case a positive classification is defined by whether predicted probability is at least as great as the threshold ...
Cost–benefit analysis is often used by organizations to appraise the desirability of a given policy. It is an analysis of the expected balance of benefits and costs, including an account of any alternatives and the status quo. CBA helps predict whether the benefits of a policy outweigh its costs (and by how much), relative to other ...
A net (sometimes written nett) value is the resultant amount after accounting for the sum or difference of two or more variables. In economics, it is frequently used to imply the remaining value after accounting for a specific, commonly understood deduction. In these cases it is contrasted with the term gross, which refers to the pre-deduction ...
Benefit–cost ratio. A benefit–cost ratio [1] ( BCR) is an indicator, used in cost–benefit analysis, that attempts to summarize the overall value for money of a project or proposal. A BCR is the ratio of the benefits of a project or proposal, expressed in monetary terms, relative to its costs, also expressed in monetary terms.
In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance ( OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). [1] The Social Security Act was passed in 1935, [2] and the existing version of the Act, as amended, [3] encompasses several social welfare ...
Social discount rate ( SDR) is the discount rate used in computing the value of funds spent on social projects. Discount rates are used to put a present value on costs and benefits that will occur at a later date. Determining this rate is not always easy and can be the subject of discrepancies in the true net benefit to certain projects, plans ...
Actuarial reserves. In insurance, an actuarial reserve is a reserve set aside for future insurance liabilities. It is generally equal to the actuarial present value of the future cash flows of a contingent event. In the insurance context an actuarial reserve is the present value of the future cash flows of an insurance policy and the total ...