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User identifier. Unix-like operating systems identify a user by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID. The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access. The password file maps textual user names to UIDs.
Active Directory ( AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. [1] [2] Initially, Active Directory was used only for centralized domain management. However, Active Directory eventually became an umbrella title for a ...
v. t. e. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service ( RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting ( AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service. RADIUS was developed by Livingston Enterprises in 1991 as an access server authentication and accounting protocol.
For the Wikipedia user access level, see Wikipedia:User access levels § Unregistered (IP or not logged in) users. An Internet Protocol address ( IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [1] [2] An IP address serves two main functions: network ...
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP / ˈɛldæp /) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. [1] Directory services play an important role in developing intranet and Internet applications by ...
A circumvention tool, allowing traffic to bypass Internet filtering to access content otherwise blocked, e.g., by governments, workplaces, schools, and country-specific web services. [7] Since SOCKS is very detectable, a common approach is to present a SOCKS interface for more sophisticated protocols:
The default username and password is usually found in the instruction manual (common for all devices) or on the device itself. Default passwords are one of the major contributing factors to large-scale compromises of home routers. [1] Leaving such a password on devices available to the public is a major security risk.