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Windows 1.0 is the first major release of Microsoft Windows, a family of graphical operating systems for personal computers developed by Microsoft. It was first released to manufacturing in the United States on November 20, 1985, while the European version was released as Windows 1.02 in May 1986.
"IBM PC compatible" becomes "Standard PC" in 1990s, and later "ACPI PC" in 2000s. An IBM-brand PC became the exception rather than the rule. An IBM-brand PC became the exception rather than the rule. Instead of placing importance on compatibility with the IBM PC, vendors began to emphasize compatibility with Windows .
In WPA2-protected WLANs, secure communication is established through a multi-step process. Initially, devices associate with the Access Point (AP) via an association request. This is followed by a 4-way handshake, a crucial step ensuring both the client and AP have the correct Pre-Shared Key (PSK) without actually
can be seen as a normalized measure of the energy per symbol to noise power spectral density (/): = where is the energy per symbol in joules and ρ is the nominal spectral efficiency in (bits/s)/Hz. [2]
The four-way handshake [8] is designed so that the access point (or authenticator) and wireless client (or supplicant) can independently prove to each other that they know the PSK/PMK, without ever disclosing the key. Instead of disclosing the key, the access point (AP) and client encrypt messages to each other—that can only be decrypted by ...
where is the threshold of decision, set to 0 when = =. We can use the average energy of the signal E = A 2 T {\displaystyle E=A^{2}T} to find the final expression : p e = 0.5 erfc ( E N o ) . {\displaystyle p_{e}=0.5\,\operatorname {erfc} \left({\sqrt {\frac {E}{N_{o}}}}\right).} ±§
On 6 October 2014, Nate Hoffelder reported in The Digital Reader that Adobe Digital Editions version 4 ("ADE4") was sending extensive information about e-books back to Adobe, including e-books read by a user as well as e-books stored on the same machine but not opened in ADE4. [7]